KEVAN LAMM
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- Professionalizing Extension Services: Directing Capacity Building Efforts
Extension and rural advisory services (RAS) are important to help ensure a safe and resilient food systems worldwide. With growing population demands and limited resources, Extension providers play a key role in supporting farmers and communities. However, strengthening these efforts requires more than individual expertise; moving from informal to more professional recognition for Extension services is important to build both trust and perceived value. In certain international contexts Extension services are not always centrally administered or managed, leaving the potential for some Extension providers to not necessarily have the background nor expertise to provide needed services. Working with a great team of researchers we wanted to identify the critical capacities necessary for Extension networks to establish professionalization standards. Key Findings Capacity Building : Most identified capacities revolve around access to knowledge, resources, and technologies, emphasizing the interconnected nature of Extension networks. Professional Milestones : Professionalization does not happen spontaneously; rather, networks must progress through structured milestones. (A great resource is Abbott (1991): https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888491018004001 ) Shared Norms & Values : A shared sense of purpose across Extension networks encourages coherent communication and develops a supportive environment for practitioners. Context Matters : The diverse experiences and perspectives of global Extension professionals underscore the importance of customizing capacity-building efforts to local conditions. Practical Recommendations Assess Network Maturity : Determine if the network is aligned, has the right actors engaged, and is committed to collective goals before initiating professionalization strategies. Formalize Standards : Establish associations or committees to develop and enforce professional benchmarks, promoting consistency across contexts. Leverage Conceptual Frameworks : Utilize established frameworks to guide professionalization efforts (e.g. knowledge management ), helping to support efforts. Use Diagnostic Tools : Use empirical instruments to evaluate network readiness, plan capacity-building activities, and facilitate common understanding among stakeholders. Our hope with this research is to provide Extension networks a set of research findings to help guide and engage in meaningful conversations about professionalization. Using other models (law, medicine, etc.) Extension networks may be able to leverage best practices and implement an approach which helps promote consistency and standards, and thus helping to support stakeholders more effectively. I've included the full manuscript if you would like to read more. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments below. Lamm, K. W., Lamm, A. J., Davis, K., Swaroop, B. J., & Edgar, L. D. (2020). Identifying capacities needed for professionalization of extension networks. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education , 27 (2), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2020.27291
- Developing Future Leaders: Key Takeaways from 4-H Alumni Reflections
This week I had the opportunity to visit the new National 4-H Council facility in Washington D.C. as part of a national committee meeting (it is a fantastic space!). It gave me an opportunity to reflect on all the benefits I received from the 4-H program growing up. Programs like 4-H can be transformative, equipping participants with the skills, confidence, and networks to shape their future. By engaging in hands-on learning, leadership opportunities, and community involvement, 4-H members often develop broader outlooks that influence personal growth well beyond the program. Working with an amazing team we examined what experiences Georgia 4-H alumni found most impactful for shaping their expanded perspectives. Key Findings Consensus on Impactful Experiences – Experts identified 36 different experiences, with 75% of them receiving individual consensus ratings over 90%. This illuminates the variety of program elements that significantly affect 4-H alumni outlooks. Opportunities to Interact with New Perspectives – Connecting with individuals who have different life experiences achieved unanimous agreement, emphasizing how such exchanges broaden members’ worldviews. Alumni Testimonials – Hearing from dynamic speakers also reached unanimous consensus, illustrating that success stories can spark inspiration and encourage members to visualize new possibilities. Practical Recommendations Layered Programming – Combine professional skills development, leadership training, and mentorship with traditional 4-H events, projects, and camps to offer growth experiences in both direct and indirect ways. Outreach – Engage multiple communities so members can learn from various backgrounds and viewpoints, enhancing personal and professional skills. Frequent Alumni Engagement – Host regular testimonial events, enabling members to hear firsthand about 4-H’s positive impact and reflect on their own growth. Although our study focused on Georgia 4-H and may not represent all 4-H programs, it hopefully provides guidance on using 4-H to help expand youth perspectives. Prioritizing meaningful interactions, leadership opportunities, and alumni-driven inspiration, can help support members. This intentional approach can help members better serve their clubs, their communities, their country, and the world. Please be sure to share your insights in the Comments below. I've also included the full manuscript if you would like to read more. Powell, A., Bennett, N., & Lamm, K. W. (2021). Expanding 4-H alumni life perspectives: An experiential and programmatic evaluation. Journal of Agricultural Education, 62 (2), 185-200. http://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2021.02185
- Bridging Perspectives: Uniting Learning Styles and Critical Thinking for Future Farmers in Nepal
Nepal is very unique environment with rugged terrain and a large agrarian economy , which depends on agriculture for both livelihoods and food security. The country’s topography and history creates an environment which requires innovative, resilient approaches to agriculture and the food system. Developing critical thinking skills in Nepal’s undergraduate student population is very important as these individuals will be the next generation of farmers and policy makers tasked with addressing these complex issues. At the same time, understanding learners’ different styles can help identify how best to share information and best practices. I was excited to be part of a research team exploring how these dimensions—learning styles and critical thinking—intersect among Nepalese students. Key Findings Critical Thinking Differences – Female students gravitated toward “seeker” styles, while male students preferred “engager” approaches. Academic Progression and Learning Styles – First-year students showed higher Concrete Experience (CE) preferences, whereas fourth-year students exhibited lower CE preferences. Moderation by Gender – Gender moderated how “seeker” critical thinking connected with CE learning, with female students showing stronger engagement in experiential tasks. Shifting Preferences Over Time – The influence of “seeker” style decreased as students advanced academically, indicating evolving learning needs. Practical Recommendations Tailored Teaching – Depending on group dynamics it may be appropriate to encourage more information-seeking approaches for some students; whereas facilitating discussion and group projects for other students may be more effective. Progressive Curriculum Design – Integrate hands-on labs and field trips for first-year students; incorporate advanced, real-world case studies in senior-level courses. Strategic Framing – Present experiential opportunities as data-gathering moments to align with “seeker” learners’ desire for comprehensive information. Flexible Learning Pathways – Offer diverse activities (CE, RO, AC, AE) to accommodate shifting preferences throughout academic progression. The findings from our study indicate there is a relationship between learning styles and critical thinking. By customizing instruction to align with these preferences agricultural educators in Nepal can foster more resilient, naturally predisposed critical thinking capacities. I've included the full manuscript below if you would like to read more. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments. Lamm, A. J., Lu, P., Lamm, K. W., Oyugi, M. A., & Adhikari, S. (2025). A conceptual exploration of critical thinking style and learning styles: Supporting educational needs in Nepal. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 32 (1). https://doi.org/10.4148/2831-5960.1451
- Supporting Farmers: A New Approach to Extension Services in Malawi
Extension networks are an important part of the agricultural and food system, facilitating knowledge transfer, innovation, and improved practices for smallholder farmers around the world. In Malawi—a country where agriculture accounts for nearly 30% of the GDP and supports millions of livelihoods—robust extension services are essential. Yet, rural communities often struggle to retain qualified extension providers. Based on a project I worked on with several amazing colleagues we were able to observe some novel new approaches the Malawi Forum for Agricultural Advisory Services Delivery (MaFAAS) is using to improve the provision of extension services. By focusing on new approaches to recruitment, training, and collaboration, organizations such as MaFAAS are leading important efforts and helping to ensure that rural farmers receive the professional support they require. Key Findings High Attrition Rates – Persistent turnover among rural extension providers impedes reliable service delivery. Professionalization Gaps – Limited certification, training, and private-sector involvement leave many farmers underserved. MaFAAS as a Bridge – Through policy dialogue and stakeholder engagement, MaFAAS fosters collaboration to address extension shortages. Innovative Recruitment Model – Adapting rural-focused strategies from other sectors helps retain agents familiar with local contexts, agriculture, and food systems. Practical Recommendations Strategic Partnering – Collaborate with government and NGOs to create clear guidelines and standards for extension services. Community-Centered Recruitment – Prioritize local talent for rural placements, thereby boosting retention and enhancing community rapport. Structured Policy Engagement – Follow established models (e.g., Kotter, Policy Leadership Theory) to align resources and commitments. Ongoing Support Systems – Advocate for necessary resources—transportation, protective gear, etc.—to sustain extension personnel. By improving extension agents’ recruitment, training, and retention in rural areas, Malawi is enhancing farmers’ access to critical information and best practices. The study findings highlight the value of coordinated action, policy alignment, and consistent advocacy. I've included the full manuscript below if you would like to read more. Please be sure to provide your insights using the comments. Lamm, K. W., Masambuka-Kanchewa F., Lamm, A. J., Davis, K., Nahdy, S., & Oyugi, M. A. (2021). A case study analysis of extension service provision in Malawi. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 17 (11), 1386-1392 . https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2021.15781
- Targeted Solutions: Leveraging Localized Insights for Agricultural Production Success
Needs assessments are essential to ensure that agricultural outreach and programming respond directly to local agricultural production needs. By understanding the precise gaps between what Extension and education professionals believe should be addressed (the “should”) and what is currently being addressed (the “current”), resources and policies can be developed and directed more strategically. Sustainable agriculture, in particular, requires a strong focus on local contexts. Strategies that work in one state or region may not translate seamlessly into another, underscoring the value of targeted, data-driven needs assessments. I'm excited the share the findings from a needs assessment I conducted with several amazing collaborators specifically focused on sustainable agricultural production in the Western United States. Key Findings Smallest Gaps: Key areas like pesticide safety, livestock production, food safety, food preservation, and crop production appear well-served by current resources. This suggests that while these topics remain important, there may be less need for new program development in these areas. Instead, strategic reinvestment and continued communication of existing initiatives may effectively sustain engagement. Largest Gaps: Identified gaps included financial disparity, food waste, and engaging with policy makers or decision makers. These gaps imply systemic challenges, underscoring the need for programmatic efforts that address broader context considerations, not just purely technical solutions. Barrier Priorities: Risk (economic and operational), finances (cost of inputs and practice changes), and time (to experiment or learn) stood out as the primary barriers limiting producer adoption of sustainable agricultural methods. These constraints emphasize that practical realities—like upfront costs and learning curves—are just as important as foundational knowledge. Practical Use Resource Allocation: Direct programmatic funding and administrative support toward bridging the largest gaps. For example, new or revised grants, sponsored workshops, and partnerships with financial institutions or local governments may help address challenges such as policy connections. Tailored Extension Efforts: Develop outreach and education activities that demonstrate concrete ways to mitigate perceived risks and ease the burdens of time investment. Sharing clear success stories from producers who have integrated sustainable practices—especially those operating within similar local contexts—can help others feel more confident in the potential of these methods. Longitudinal Tracking: Conduct ongoing needs assessments to monitor how these gaps shift over time. By routinely collecting data, Extension and education professionals can refine initiatives, explore emerging concerns, and ensure that program offerings continue to align with actual producer needs as new challenges arise. These findings highlight how local needs assessments can ensure more effective sustainable agriculture programs. By addressing both technical and contextual challenges, Extension and education professionals can develop solutions tailored to local needs. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments below. I've also included the full manuscript if you would like to learn more. Lamm, A. J., Lamm, K. W., Trojan, S., Sanders, C. E., Byrd, A. R., (2023). A needs assessment to inform research and outreach efforts for sustainable agricultural practices and food production in the Western United States. Foods , 12 (8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12081630
- Building Bridges: Harnessing Source Credibility for Better Agricultural Water Messaging
Effectively communicating about agricultural practices is very important, especially when discussing water use. People’s perceptions are shaped not only by what they hear, but also by who delivers the message. For example, farmers can bring first-hand expertise, while conservation organizations may shape attitudes through environmental stewardship experience. I was fortunate to be part of a research team which examined the importance of this “source credibility". Our findings indicate that public support depends on perceiving messengers as knowledgeable and trustworthy. By understanding how different audiences interpret water use information, the agricultural industry can help build and maintain positive relationships and broad-based support for sustainable practices. Key Findings Positive Perceptions: Most respondents viewed agriculture’s water use favorably, believing producers carefully steward resources and support wildlife habitats. Willingness to Pay More: Many indicated they would accept higher food prices if it ensured water conservation and responsible environmental practices. Source Credibility Counts: Participants exposed to a farmer spokesperson rated agriculture’s impact on open space and wildlife higher, while those hearing from a conservation group were more inclined to believe negative effects might occur. Practical Recommendations Tailored Messaging: Shape communications around the spokesperson’s expertise. Farmers resonate on issues of production, while conservation groups excel at highlighting environmental benefits. Strategic Partnerships: Collaborate with aligned organizations to broaden reach. Seek out partners who offer complementary expertise for maximum credibility. Audience Awareness: Recognize that demographics, personal experience, and political ideology can affect how a message is received. Testing different messengers can reveal what resonates best with specific audiences. This research highlights the importance of clear, credible communication from sources that audiences trust. As agriculture continues to advance sustainable water strategies, strategic outreach—paired with the right messenger—can impact, and hopefully improve, public understanding and support. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments below. I've also provided the full manuscript if you would like to read more. Lamm, A. J., Owens, C. T., Telg, R. W., Lamm, K. W. (2016). Influence of source credibility on agricultural water use communication. Journal of Applied Communications, 100 (3). https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.1235
- Cultivating Resilience: Addressing Rural Stress Through Extension Programming
Farming is deeply tied to nature, community, and resilience, yet it is also one of the most challenging and stressful careers. Several recent studies and articles focus on the stresses associated with farming, agriculture, and those who live and work in rural areas ( https://news.uga.edu/women-stress-rural-farming/ ; https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/why-we-keep-farming-when-the-going-gets-tough ; https://www.psu.edu/news/impact/story/pennsylvania-agforum-address-farm-stress-agricultural-community ; https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2024/09/27/ag-report--farmer-mental-health-study-examines-stress-levels-and-coping-mechanisms ). Previously I posted about another study I was a part of to develop a rural stress instrument . Farmers face a variety of pressures, from fluctuating market conditions and unpredictable weather to increasing societal demands. Rural stress, including mental health challenges, requires specialized support. Extension agents, as trusted community resources, can play an important role in fostering mental well-being through tailored programs and resources. I was fortunate to be on a research team examining Extension agents perceptions of rural stress in Georgia. Key Findings Regional Variation in Needs: Each district in Georgia exhibited unique priorities related to rural stress. For example, the Northwest focused on communication around stress, while the Northeast emphasized collaboration and resources. Common Themes of Education and Support: Across all districts, the need for increased education and support around farmer and rural stress emerged as a consistent theme. Using Different Facilitation Techniques: Wordcloud activities proved effective in sparking dialogue and identifying region-specific needs for addressing rural stress. Implications Beyond Georgia: Despite geographic differences, rural stress is a universal challenge. Adaptable strategies, such as visual communication tools, can foster engagement even in culturally sensitive settings. Themes from Extension Agents Practical Recommendations Region-Specific Programming: Extension agents should leverage identified district-specific themes to develop customized mental health and rural stress programs, ensuring a tailored approach rather than a one-size-fits-all model. Promote Mental Health Literacy: Using visual tools like wordclouds, agents can encourage open conversations about mental health, reframing discussions to reduce stigma and improve health literacy. Enhance Support Networks: Provide Extension agents with additional training and resources to create a productive work environment and offer effective community support. Expand Collaboration: Investigate the adaptability of findings and strategies across a variety of rural contexts to strengthen mental health resources globally. Extension agents are uniquely positioned to address farmer and rural stress through education, support, and resources. By tailoring efforts to the needs of each community, Extension can empower farmers and foster healthier, more resilient rural communities. Please share your insights using the Comments below. I've also included the full manuscript if you would like to learn more. Wilson, M. C., Stone, W. A., Holt, J. A., Lamm, K. W., Borron, A. S., & Lamm, A. J. (2019). Extension’s role in rural stress: An evaluation of Extension agents’ perceptions of rural stress in Georgia. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education , 26 (3), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26302
- From Farm to Fork: Addressing Critical Issues in Food Safety and Sustainability
The importance of a safe, sustainable, and efficient food system cannot be overstated. Food is central to human health, economic stability, and social well-being, yet the industries associated with food science and technology face an ever-growing array of challenges. From ensuring food safety and public health to addressing the impacts of climate change, these industries must constantly adapt to emerging issues. Understanding and addressing these critical issues is essential to safeguarding global food security while fostering innovation and resilience across the food value chain. Based on a research study I conducted with several amazing colleagues we were able to identify 8 primary issue themes faced by industries associated with food science and technology. Key Findings Education, Training, and Workforce Development : The food industry faces a critical gap in workforce readiness, with many frontline workers lacking formal training. Addressing this gap is essential to ensure efficiency, safety, and the ability to adapt to evolving industry demands. Emerging Technologies in Food Sciences : Technologies like AI, machine learning, and high-pressure processing offer solutions for improving food safety, enhancing product longevity, and addressing shifting consumer preferences. Food Safety and Public Health : Foodborne illnesses remain a pressing global issue, emphasizing the need for stringent safety systems, consumer education, and adherence to robust food safety protocols. Fresh Produce and Raw Food Operations : Fresh produce carries inherent risks due to minimal processing. Contamination along the value chain underscores the need for improved handling, storage, and education practices. Microbiome and Pathogens : The study of microbiomes and pathogens is advancing our understanding of contamination risks. Effective pathogen detection and mitigation strategies are critical to enhancing food system safety. Product Innovation and Development : Consumer-driven demand for healthier and more convenient options fuels innovation. Successful product development hinges on integrating consumer feedback and leveraging cutting-edge research. Quality Assurance and Systems Management : Consistency in quality assurance ensures food safety and strengthens consumer trust. Monitoring and refining systems is key to maintaining high standards across the industry. Sustainability and Climate Resilience : Climate change presents significant challenges to food production. Sustainable practices and climate-resilient strategies are vital for ensuring long-term food security and environmental stewardship. Practical Recommendations Education, Training, and Workforce Development : Establish comprehensive training programs that focus on critical skills like safety protocols, problem-solving, and adaptability to technological advancements, ensuring workers are prepared for modern challenges. Emerging Technologies in Food Sciences : Adopt emerging technologies through pilot programs to assess feasibility and build capacity. Focus on scalable innovations that align with consumer and industry needs. Food Safety and Public Health : Strengthen partnerships between industry and regulators to ensure food safety standards remain effective. Launch campaigns to educate consumers about safe food handling and preparation practices. Fresh Produce and Raw Food Operations : Enhance producer and handler training on contamination prevention and proper handling techniques. Educate consumers on safe preparation and storage practices to minimize risks. Microbiome and Pathogens : Support research into microbiome dynamics and pathogen control. Invest in advanced detection tools to integrate into food safety systems, reducing contamination risks. Product Innovation and Development : Foster collaboration between researchers and consumers to create innovative products that align with evolving market demands. Use consumer insights to refine product offerings. Quality Assurance and Systems Management : Prioritize regular audits and system upgrades to maintain high safety standards. Ensure staff are trained in quality assurance practices to sustain product reliability. Sustainability and Climate Resilience : Integrate sustainable practices into all levels of the supply chain. Promote climate-resilient agricultural methods and efficient resource management to reduce environmental impacts while ensuring food security. Ensuring safe and sufficient food requires a collective commitment across stakeholders. By addressing these critical issues, the food system can remain a cornerstone of global health and prosperity. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments below. I've also included a copy of the research if you would like to learn more. Lamm, K. W., Idun, A., & Lu, P. (2024). Critical issues faced by industries associated with food science and technology: A delphi analysis. Foods , 13 (24), 4149. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13244149
- From Data to Decisions: Strengthening Extension Services Through Knowledge Management
A few weeks ago, I explored the role of knowledge management in extension services , highlighting how turning raw data into actionable insights can strengthen agricultural and food systems. This post is a continuation of that research, focusing on the next step: how to operationalize knowledge management within extension networks to ensure information is not just collected but effectively shared and applied. Building on the foundation of the previous post, this research examines how well-managed knowledge systems empower extension services to deliver timely, relevant, and impactful solutions to their stakeholders. Based on a study I conducted with several amazing colleagues this research identifies key capacities for improving knowledge accessibility and outlines practical strategies to ensure effective extension services. Key Findings Five Core Dimensions of Knowledge Management : Our study identified five factors essential for effective knowledge management: 1 - awareness and process execution, 2 - network support, 3 - member participation, 4 - accessibility, and 5 - performance. These dimensions highlight the interconnected aspects of effective knowledge dissemination. Network Support is Critical : Robust support systems, including organizational policies and infrastructure, significantly enhance a network’s ability to manage and share knowledge effectively. Member Participation Drives Success : Networks with higher levels of active member involvement reported greater success in building a cohesive and impactful knowledge base. Accessibility Challenges : Ensuring knowledge is not just available but also easily accessible remains a key hurdle for extension networks, particularly in rural or underserved areas. Performance Impacts Perception : The practical outcomes of knowledge management—such as improved decision-making and stakeholder satisfaction—strongly influence how networks perceive their own capacity. Practical Implications Develop Comprehensive Support Systems : Extension networks should invest in organizational policies and technologies that facilitate effective knowledge sharing across diverse stakeholders. Foster a Culture of Engagement : Encouraging active participation among network members strengthens collective knowledge and increases network efficacy. Prioritize Accessibility : Develop tools and platforms that ensure knowledge is readily available and actionable for all stakeholders, regardless of geographic or technical barriers. Regularly Evaluate Performance : Use the knowledge management scale to identify strengths and areas for improvement, ensuring networks can adapt to evolving needs and challenges. By focusing on these strategies, extension services can focus on using knowledge management to drive change and provide exceptional services in agriculture and the food system. Effective knowledge management is more than just a process—it’s a commitment to making information accessible, actionable, and impactful. Please be sure to share your comments below. I've also included the full manuscript if you would like to read more. Lamm, K. W., Lamm, A. J., Davis, K., Sanders, C. E., & Powell, A. (2021). Perceptions of knowledge management capacity within extension services: An exploratory factor analysis approach. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 29 (1), 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1984956
- Preparing Tomorrow’s Leaders: The Role of 4-H in Youth Development
Youth development programs like 4-H play a critical role in equipping young people with the skills and experiences needed to succeed in the workforce and beyond. As the future workforce faces increasingly complex challenges and critical issues, it is important to understand the impacts of programs like 4-H. Working with a team of amazing colleagues we developed and validated the Impacts of 4-H Scale , an instrument to measure the program's contributions to positive youth development, identifying key areas where 4-H fosters growth in its participants. Key Findings Sense of Belonging : Participants reported that 4-H fostered a strong sense of connection, influenced by supportive volunteers and engaged alumni, which contributed to their personal and leadership growth. Caring and Citizenship : Opportunities to interact with individuals from diverse backgrounds and engage in service-learning projects helped participants develop empathy and a commitment to civic engagement. Workforce Readiness : Through experiential learning, participants gained competencies like public speaking, planning, and teaching, preparing them for success in professional environments. Practical Recommendations Evaluate Program Impact : Use the validated Impacts of 4-H Scale to assess the effectiveness of 4-H programs, ensuring alignment with positive youth development goals. Expand Inclusivity : Foster diverse learning environments and promote meaningful interactions among participants from varied backgrounds. Enhance Workforce Preparation : Integrate opportunities for participants to develop transferable skills relevant to future careers, emphasizing experiential learning. The validated Impacts of 4-H Scale provides a reliable framework for measuring the program’s success and identifying areas for improvement. By using this tool, stakeholders can ensure that 4-H continues to prepare youth for success while fostering personal growth, a commitment to service, while strengthening communities and the future workforce. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments below. I've also attached the full manuscript if you would like to read more. Lamm, K. W., Pike, L., Edgar, D. W., & Powell, A. (2022). Evaluating the impacts of 4-H participation: Development and preliminary validation of a scale. Journal of Agricultural Education, 63 (2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.02115
- Organizational Excellence in Extension Services: Building Capacity for the Future
Extension services play an important role in connecting agricultural innovation and research with real-world applications, acting as a bridge between the lab and the field. Just like most other organizations, the success of these services relies heavily on effective organizational functioning. Without the right structures, the ability of Extension to deliver meaningful and consistent support diminishes. As agricultural issues become more complex and interrelated, the importance of identifying and strengthening organizational capacities cannot be overstated. In this post I'm excited to share the findings from a study I conducted with several amazing collaborators specifically identifying the core capacities essential for effective functioning in international Extension networks. By understanding these capacities, Extension networks can improve their operations, harmonize efforts across regions, and better serve the diverse needs of stakeholders. Key Findings Transparency : Clear articulation of policies, mission, and values builds trust and credibility with stakeholders, enhancing organizational effectiveness. Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration : Encouraging peer communication and inter-agency collaboration supports the exchange of information and fosters innovation. Value-Added Services : Providing well-organized, consistent services that meet unmet needs increases the impact and relevance of Extension networks. Relationship Development : Building long-term relationships with stakeholders, policymakers, and private sector actors ensures alignment and sustained support. Defined Roles and Expectations : Establishing clear guidelines for officers and members enhances accountability and organizational clarity. Practical Recommendations Enhance Transparency : Implement measures to improve the accessibility and clarity of organizational information for all stakeholders. Foster Knowledge Management : Invest in practices that promote collaboration, such as cross-functional teams and partnerships across diverse organizations. Strengthen Relationships : Focus on building and maintaining strategic partnerships with key extension actors to enhance reach and effectiveness. Clarify Roles and Responsibilities : Develop training programs to clearly define roles and expectations for both leaders and members within Extension networks. Although these are not all the capacities we identified in the study, they are a robust foundation to build upon. Focusing on these capacities, Extension networks can strengthen their organizational structures, better serve their stakeholders, and enhance their contributions to agricultural development. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments below. I've also included the full manuscript if you would like to read more. Lamm, K. W., Lamm, A. J., Davis, K., Powell, A., & Swaroop, B. J. (2021). Effective organizational functioning capacity needs of rural advisory service networks: A delphi examination. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 28 (3), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.283104
- Tailoring Leadership Development: The Role of Personality in Agricultural Programs
Adult agricultural leadership development programs play an important role in preparing emerging and established leaders for the future of agriculture and the food system. Just like every individual has a unique fingerprint, each has a distinct personality that influences how they learn and lead. Agricultural leadership development programs, such as the International Association of Programs for Agricultural Leaders ( IAPAL ) provide programs to develop the leadership capacities for participants, "alumni are change makers, burnished with a professional leadership development acumen, and a personal exigency to make positive change." Working with 28 IAPAL affiliated programs I collaborated with an amazing team to analyze the unique personality characteristics of over 1,100 program alumni with the goal of identifying personality trends which might be helpful to create impactful programs. Key Findings Age : Significant differences were observed across seven personality aspects, including Industriousness and Orderliness. Older participants tended to report higher Industriousness but lower Orderliness, highlighting the potential for tailored discussions around work habits and leadership perspectives. Organizational Level : Higher organizational levels correlated with greater Openness and Assertiveness. These traits may reflect the adaptability and confidence needed for leadership roles. Educational Attainment : Higher education levels were associated with increased Openness (Intellect) and Agreeableness (Politeness), suggesting that educational experiences shape relational and intellectual capacities. Region : Geographic region had minimal influence on personality traits, suggesting that leadership educators may prioritize other demographic characteristics when tailoring programs. Practical Implications Tailor Learning Environments : Use personality differences to design programs that foster collaboration and learning among diverse participants. Foster Transformational Leadership : Incorporate discussions about personality traits like Compassion and Enthusiasm to enhance human-focused leadership skills. Encourage Intergenerational Dialogue : Create opportunities that leverage differences in work habits and perspectives across age groups to enrich learning experiences. Recognizing the role of personality in leadership development offers an opportunity to create more effective and engaging agricultural and food system leadership programs. By tailoring learning environments to reflect the unique characteristics of participants, leadership educators can enhance collaboration, deepen discussions, and improve outcomes. As agriculture continues to evolve, leadership programs that intentionally address personality traits will help prepare participants to lead with empathy, adaptability, and a clear vision. I've included the full paper below if you would like to learn more. Please be sure to share your insights using the comments. Lamm, K. W., Holder, M., Randall, N. L., Edgar, D. W., & Lamm, A. J. (2021). Agricultural leadership development program participant personality and demographic characteristics: an empirical analysis. SAGE Open, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061577